How to Get the Most Out Of Khan Academy SAT Prep

Step by step instructions to Get the Most Out Of Khan Academy SAT Prep SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The College Board as of late banded together with Khan Academy to give free SAT prep resources.There are a ton of assets offered, and they can be an extraordinary assistance in the event that you realize how to utilize them effectively. This guide will clarify precisely what prep materials Khan Academy offers, what they’re best for, when you ought to depend on other prep materials, and tips for getting the greater part of out Khan Academy's assets. What Is Khan Academy SATPrep? Khan Academy is a free, online asset that offers video instructional exercises on a wide assortment of subjects, including SAT prep, which is the thing that this article will center on.The assets they offer are video instructional exercises, customized study proposals, practice questions, tests, and eight full-length practice tests (which are likewise accessible on the College Board’s website).These assets were intended to assist understudies with distinguishing the territories they have to enhance and give them focused on training dependent on those suggestions. Since Khan Academy built up these assets with the College Board, you can be certain they are a precise portrayal of what the genuine SAT will cover.To study Khan Academy and their test prep assets, look at our other Khan Academy manage which gives a total prologue to this asset. How Might You Get Started With Khan Academy SATPrep? The accompanying advances will assist you with beginning utilizing Khan Academy's test prep assets. #1: Set Up an Account On the off chance that you haven’t utilized Khan Academy previously, the principal thing you need to do is go to their site and make a record. You’ll need a record to get to their assets and track your progress.Signing up for a record is basic and requires your name, email, and birthdate. After you’ve made your record, you can pick which subject you need to contemplate. For your situation, this would be Test Prep, and you can decide to read for the new SAT or the PSAT/NMSQT.If you decide to read for the new SAT, you’ll be given two alternatives for your subsequent stage: send your PSAT scores to Khan Academy or take a demonstrative test. #2: Import Your PSAT Scores On the off chance that you have just taken the PSAT, you can have your scores transferred to your Khan Academy account.You do this by marking into your College Board account (Khan Academy will take you legitimately to the site) and giving the College Board authorization to send your PSAT scores to Khan Academy. Khan Academy will at that point utilize your PSAT scores to give you customized study suggestions for the SAT.If you haven’t taken the PSAT yet or don’t have your scores, that’s no issue, simply read the following area. #3: Take Diagnostic Quizzes On the off chance that you don’t have PSAT scores to transfer, at that point you can even now get your customized examination suggestions by taking analytic tests. There are eight symptomatic tests, four in Math, and four for Reading and Writing (two in Reading and two in Writing and Language). Pick which test you need to take first. The tests are short, just around 5-10 inquiries each.If you ever don’t realize how to respond to an inquiry, you can choose the alternative, â€Å"I would be guessing† with the goal that Khan Academy realizes you have to take a shot at that point. After you complete a test, you’ll quickly realize which addresses you addressed accurately and be given an aptitude level for every one of the points you were tried on. The higher your ability level, the better you comprehend that idea. In the event that you get most of inquiries for a subject right, you will be alloted Skill Level 3. In the event that you get most of inquiries erroneous, you will be doled out Skill Level 2 for that theme. Khan Academy is as yet taking a shot at assets for Skill Level 1, so you won’t be allocated that level, and you can just arrive at Skill Level 4 in the wake of utilizing a portion of their assets and indicating enhancement for future tests. #4: Next Steps After you finish either the four tests for Math or the four tests for Reading and Writingyou will be given a general aptitude level for that region and suggested practice questions and video instructional exercises dependent regarding the matters you have to rehearse the most. As you audit every subject, you’ll do practices intended to help raise your ability level in that point. These activities incorporate practice questions, recordings, and coordinated tests. When you arrive at Skill Level 4, you can expect you have a strong information on that specific subject. You can likewise effectively pick a specific subject to audit on the grounds that each segment has a rundown of all the branches of knowledge it tests, and for each there are practice issues and recordings (for the most part with both simpler and harder models). Need to study the SAT yet burnt out on perusing blog articles? At that point you'll adore our free, SAT prep livestreams. Structured and driven by PrepScholar SAT specialists, these live video occasions are an incredible asset for understudies and guardians hoping to get familiar with the SAT and SAT prep. Snap on the catch beneath to enroll for one of our livestreams today! Following certain means can help make Khan Academy substantially more accommodating. What Is Khan Academy SATPrep Best For? Since you realize how to begin with Khan Academy, how might you benefit from it? Khan Academy can be a useful asset, however there are sure territories that it’s best for and different zones where you’d be in an ideal situation utilizing different assets. Peruse the following two segments to figure out how to utilize Khan Academy for your best potential benefit. Quality 1: Specific Study Recommendations Khan Academy’s test prep assets can support you in the event that you aren’t sure how to start your SAT prep or you aren’t sure what to study.After taking the indicative tests or transferring your PSAT scores, Khan Academy will give you customized study suggestions. These proposals depend on the aptitudes you have to concentrate your concentrating on the most, and each time you sign in, there will be new suggestions for you.In along these lines, Khan Academy gives some structure to you to base your investigation plan around. This can be especially useful for understudies who don’t know anything about test prep or feel overpowered by it. Khan Academy will separate it and walk you through the procedure. Quality 2:In-Depth Ways to Solve Problems In the event that you’re attempting to comprehend a specific subject and perusing clarifications isn’t cutting it, at that point Khan Academy’s video instructional exercises may help you.Khan Academy is known for their recordings, which separate issues bit by bit. For SAT prep, they have video instructional exercises for every subject the SAT tests. For instance, they have recordings on in excess of 20 distinctive language structure points alone. These recordings ordinarily extend from 2-10 minutes in length, and they include Sal Khan (the author of Khan Academy) working through each progression of an example issue. Most points have recordings for both an essential model and an all the more testing model. For certain individuals, having the option to see and hear somebody work through an issue can have a noteworthy effect in how well they comprehend the concept.You can likewise watch these recordings the same number of times as you have to for the data to soak in. Quality 3: Drilling Certain Skills Since Khan Academy's assets are unmistakably sorted out by explicit subject, you can without much of a stretch use them to penetrate yourself on a specific aptitude or point you need to fortify. For instance, on the off chance that you have to improve your insight into, state, direct functions,you can find that theme in Khan Academy's assets, at that point watch recordings and complete practice issues that emphasis explicitly on that region. This is an increasingly engaged and successful strategy for contemplating explicit aptitudes than simply finishing a whole practice test would be, so it'll spare you time and assist you with reinforcing that ability quicker. Quality 4:Official Resources As I referenced above, since Khan Academy built up these assets with the College Board (the architect of the SAT), their assets are considered official.This implies you can be sure that they give an exact portrayal of what the SAT will resemble and what points it will test. Some lower-quality test organizations give prep materials that aren’t consistently a precise portrayal of the SAT. They may pose inquiries on points the genuine SAT doesn’t, overlook significant subjects the SAT covers, or pose inquiries in a way the SAT never would. When you’re getting ready for the SAT, the more precise your prep materials are, the more they’ll help you, and Khan Academy offers top notch resources.Using official prep assets can be especially useful if you’re simply starting to read for the SAT and don’t have a strong information on the test yet. Once you’ve considered the test more, you’ll start to have the option to distinguish when informal prep assets go amiss from the genuine test. What Is Khan Academy Test Prep Not as Good For? We have a whole guide that clarifies why you shouldn't onlyuse Khan Academy's assets for your SAT prep, yet here is a diagram of three of their most significant weaknesses. For every shortcoming, an elective asset is proposed. Shortcoming 1: Test Strategies As we referenced above, Khan Academy’s assets are considered â€Å"official† on the grounds that they were created with the College Board.While this implies they precisely speak to the SAT, since Khan Academy is working with the College Board, they won’t give tips and systems forthe SAT that can help support your score.This is most likely the greatest disadvantage of utilizing Khan Academy. Khan Academy discloses how to address explicit inquiries in a very inside and out manner, however they don’t remember a ton of data for general patterns of the test, for example, which subjects the SAT has more inquiries on, ways the SAT can attempt to deceive you, and examples test producers follow when they create questions.

How to Write an Observation Essay

How to Write an Observation EssayWhen writing an observation essay you can be as honest or as devious as you like. If you want to be sure of getting a decent grade, then try your best to give the examiner a fair assessment. However, if you just want to get some of your own privacy back, you can always choose to be less than truthful and put down lies, half truths, or sometimes even embellishments. By doing this, you can make it look as though the person reviewing your essay was not really trying to give you the best review possible.Your essay can be composed of any number of items. What we are talking about here is a combination of facts and opinion. You can be covering history, current events, and even an adventure, if you want to. Many schools are trying to move away from taking essays in this manner. However, for now it is easier for teachers to control the class and not risk a rule being broken.In most cases the objective of an observation essay is to present a general statement about an event, or the situation at hand. It is not necessarily to cover every detail that could be relevant. You will be allowed to include the things that have to do with your specific topic but you should keep in mind that what you choose to put down on paper is what is going to affect the outcome of the evaluation.Objectivity is very important when you are discussing events that occurred many years ago. You should not be too biased because of the fact that you were the one that witnessed it. You should not go around twisting facts. You should present a balanced opinion.You might be a free spirit that likes to party, so you can be written about if you did see a fight. You can be considered a liar if you only write about a subject matter that you were taught in school. If you have taken classes that focused on certain subjects then you can still be put in this category. If you do go ahead and be true to your word, then your opinion will be considered biased, but you should still g et some points for being well versed in the subject at hand.When you are writing an observation essay, you need to be concise and to the point. The purpose of the essay is to deliver an honest and objective opinion. If you are hesitant to do this then you can take up a different route and attempt to throw in some of your personal feelings.However, if you are going to try to convince others of your point of view, you need to be careful that your point of view is not construed as being untrue. Remember that your essay is a reflection of your character. If you think that you are being overly dramatic or that your observation is totally unbelievable, then it is time to change gears and tone down the details. If you use too much detail, you may come across as being insincere, which is never a good thing.Speaking of writing an observation essay, there are a few simple things that you need to know when it comes to reading the essay out loud to someone else. Don't say anything that is techn ically incorrect. Take your time and really study the way to write and the way to read. This will help you get the assignment passed easier.

Assess Nietzsche’s idea of the “Will to Power” Essay

All through his works, Friedrich Nietzsche builds up a central establishment which structures some portion of all his different ideas †this is his â€Å"Will to Power.† Being particularly the focal point of his way of thinking, it is an amazingly mind boggling idea that has associations with all territories of his thoughts, be it morals, mysticism or feel. Be that as it may, it has a few imperfections. Above all else, it conflicts with Nietzsche’s perspectivism and through and through dismissal of power. Proposing that a target otherworldly idea, for example, the Will to Power exists is commensurate to conceding disappointment at the principal obstacle. Nietzsche never addresses this issue. Moreover, the Will to Power as the sole piece of life itself appears to be totally irrational. Is it not satisfactory that different things influence our judgment than the longing to defeat all others? He never truly discloses how the Will to Power is intended to be a definitive good objective, either. His way of thinking here succumbs to the reality esteem hole. Because life is the Will to Power, it doesn't really follow that we should tail it as our lone aspiration. The Will to Power is entangled further by Nietzsche’s programmed division of individuals into â€Å"masters† and â€Å"slaves.† Clearly, the Will to Power can not have any significant bearing to the slaves, as that would be a logical inconsistency in wording. This makes it incredibly hard to legitimize that the Will to Power in actuality is life itself for everybody. The Will to Power is famously difficult to characterize on itself, as it is intrinsically characterized by the two its causal standards and the impact of the principle itself. Nietzsche depicts, in Beyond Good and Evil, a chain of command of â€Å"drives† which are the center of human presence. Every one of these drives is endeavoring to pick up predominance over the other. This socially comprised structure is the Will to Power. Similarly, every living being is forcing their Will to Power onto others. From this, it would follow that all activities are, in themselves, results of the Will to Power, be it multiplication, nourishment or any activity whatsoever. No different factors influence our judgment. This, I can't help contradicting. In what manner would nietzsche be able to clarify activities performed against your normal intuition? Truly, I can concede that (in Nietzsche’s see) it is ethically off-base, however there is no clear cut obstruction which prevents me from breaking those ethics. Plainly, at that point, all activities can't be gotten from the Will to Power. Nietzsche acquaints the Will with Power basically contrary to the old Christian estimations of sympathy and devotion, which he accepts must be â€Å"reversed.† According to Nietzsche, Christians dismiss the Will to Power and stifle it totally, which in itself appears to repudiate his meaning of it. By and by, he places the Will to Power as a definitive finish of any ethical framework, not simply Christianity. All frameworks of ethics are â€Å"a gesture based communication for the Will to Power.† From these, we can accept that Nietzsche accepts that on the grounds that the Will to Power is life itself, at that point clearly all ethics should likewise be the Will to Power. This is mistaken. Hume broadly outlined the reality esteem hole a large number of years before Nietzsche’s time, yet he despite everything appears to be not able to get away from it. It doesn't follow that since life is the Will to Power, we should tail it indiscriminately. Nietzsche never addresses how this is intended to fill in as an extreme good objective †he expect that life would lead us there. Everything being equal, I don’t think this is sensible. Clearly, our impulses don't generally advise us to follow the Will to Power strictly, even in the set of all animals (where maybe we watch an increasingly unadulterated type of the nature) where animals have demonstrated to be caring and ready to submit. Attracting from the Will to Power, Nietzsche places his philosophical thoughts. These are sure articulations of the Will to Power: the dismissal of objectivity; the â€Å"New Philosopher† who is the epitome of the Will to Power; the regulation of Eternal Return (which is a definitive grasp of the Will to Power); and his definitive ace/slave society where the WtP oversees all and keeps the solid (while debilitating the feeble). I acknowledge that these can for the most part be deduced from the Will to Power in the event that it is substantial, yet it is this contingent that causes issues. Maudemarie Clark contended that Nietzsche’s entire way of thinking depended on this If, however she likewise brings up this infers causality †something which Nietzsche drastically items to a few times. This selects him as the fanatical rationalist he spends the initial segment of Beyond Good and Evil scrutinizing †only anticipating his own view onto others. The Will to Power, once more, appears to be foolish. Driving on from this is Nietzsche origination of power and epistemology. Nietzsche despises the metaphysicists (Plato and the Christians specifically) and contends that they are denying the Will to Power, and, in this manner, life itself, by searching for answers in another domain. They are, he states, blinded by a â€Å"Will to Truth.† However, isn’t the Will to Power a supernatural idea? I accept that Nietzsche’s portrayal of it as sweeping makes this an unmistakable chance. In addition to the fact that this undermines the Will to Power, yet in addition, by and by, Nietzsche’s whole philosophical principle. Another of Nietzsche’s issues with past thinkers, which is associated with the above point, is their fixation on a goal truth. He says that all we have which we can call â€Å"truths† are our translation of our own viewpoints. So in what manner can the Will to Power be anything other than a translation from Nietzsche’s point of view? It can't in any way, shape or form be objective †this is contrary to his epistemological standards! It is difficult to acknowledge this. In any case, another fascinating point by Clark is her hypothesis of â€Å"omniperspectivism,† where there can be a hypothetical target truth if one somehow happened to see a circumstance from every single imaginable viewpoint. This would give the Will to Power a hypothetical establishing, yet at the same time neglects to build up it as the functio nal gadget which Nietzsche advocates it as. One last point to make is about Nietzsche’s ethical quality †ace and slave profound quality. He recommends that in an ideal society, the solid would live for their own reality just, abusing the frail for their advantage, yet in addition as an effort of intensity. This tackles the issue of the relative term â€Å"power† (as force just exists corresponding to something less or all the more impressive). However, in the event that life itself was the Will to Power, shouldn’t the frail have it too? Wouldn’t they be living as indicated by similar standards? This outlines plainly the down to earth issue of the Will to Power, even in Nietzsche’s own profound quality. These focuses I accept demonstrate that the Will to Power, albeit motivating hypothetically, is crazy and incomprehensible by and by. Nietzsche doesn't offer enough clarification for us to acknowledge it as a genuine philosophical idea, and it in the long run shows the shortcomings of Nietzsche’s whole way of thinking.

Human Trafficking A Source, Transit, And Destination...

The US State Department classifies China as a source, transit, and destination country for sex trafficking . Human trafficking of women and children for sexual exploitation is the second largest form of organized crime in Asia. China is a common thread in many of the complex trafficking networks working in Asia. The Human Trafficking Organization reports, China transits victims from all over the world to Thailand and Malaysia. In addition to transiting, China is a popular destination country, importing women throughout the region from Burma, Vietnam, Laos, Mongolia, Russia, and North Korea . Analyzing the attitude, culture, and opinion shifts through Chinese media will shed further light on the human trafficking phenomenon and look at the regional impact, due to China’s extensive involvement in sex trafficking. In 1997, the Chinese media reported on a woman named Tang Shengli, who threw herself out of a window yelling, â€Å"I would rather die than become a hostess† to avoid performing sexual services at the nightclub she worked in . The media quickly started calling this the â€Å"Tang Shengli Incident†, portraying her as a modern day heroine for risking death in order to preserve her chastity. Incidents of woman risking their lives to avoid performing sexual services, such as Tang Shengli, became a popular headline. During 1997 to 2003, the media reported over thirty cases of women who had risked their lives to avoid performing sexual services on men. The mediaShow MoreRelatedThe Growth Of The Global Commercial Sex Industry1151 Words   |  5 Pagesand the list of these human rights violations is long. Furthermore, one of the most infamous crimes in recent years recaptured our attention is human trafficking, which is known as, buying and selling people. Trafficking humans have existed since the beginning of civilization, but in recent years the scourge of trafficking, has exponentially increased due to globalization, the magnitud e of poverty, organized crime, government corruption, and (as it relates to sex trafficking) the growth of the globalRead MoreSex Trafficking : The Exploitation Of Women And Children1370 Words   |  6 PagesSex trafficking is the exploitation of women and children, within national or across international borders, for the purposes of forced sex work. Modern day trafficking is a type of slavery that involves the transport or trade of people for the purpose of work.Human trafficking impacts people of all backgrounds, and people are trafficked for a variety of purposes. Men are often trafficked into hard labor jobs, while children are trafficked into labor positions in textile, agriculture and fishing industriesRead MoreProstitution Prevention And Prevention Act1560 Words   |  7 Pageshe perpetuation of human sex trafficking and the rising numbers of trafficked victims is also linked to Thailand’s weak government. The combination of widespread corruption among government off icials and the lack of enforcement of laws concerning the Thai sex industry has lead to the prominence of human sex trafficking. The 1996 Prostitution Prevention and Prevention Act was implemented to punish pimps, procurers, brothel owners and customers, however; this law and many others designed to protectRead MoreTaking a Look at Human Trafficking842 Words   |  3 PagesNo nation is immune from human trafficking. Even the most powerful nations are not immune from modern day slavery.The main contributors to human trafficking are governmental corruption, economic and social crisis within each nations borders.Globalization is the development of an increasingly integration marked especially by free trade that transcends nation-state boundaries. Human trafficking represents a highly and interconnected world because as the world evolves and people become more connectedRead MoreHuman Trafficking in Canada Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pageswere found being victimized to human traffickin g in Montreal. These women were lured to Canada hoping that they would find a better future but instead were forced into prostitution (2013). Human trafficking is an issue that is rarely acknowledged by Canadians. Most people are either unaware of the problem or do not recognize it as something that is happening in their own backyard. Although Canadians are exposed to the severity of human trafficking in other countries, Canadian citizens are unawareRead MoreFence Of Human Trafficking811 Words   |  4 Pagesoffence of human trafficking encompasses multiple countries and by extension, multiple jurisdictions. To simplify, the issue can be trichotomised to ‘source countries’, ‘transit countries’ and ‘destination countries’. Australia, alongside with the rest of the developed world, is widely considered a destination country. A destination country, as inferred from the title, is one where those trafficked are most commonly sent to. Throughout the world, it is estimated the number of victims of human traffickingRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is The Most Common Form Of Modern Day Slavery1003 Words   |  5 Pagesthe horrific details that Intel Human Trafficking. Human Trafficking is the most common form of modern day slavery (Hill, 2011). Human Trafficking exists whenever human beings are bought, sold or traded for forced labor or commercial goods. Not only is Human Trafficking a form of slavery, however it is also big business according the FBI. Annually, Human Trafficking and Sex Slaving generates about 20.9 million slaves to this day. The victims’ of today’s Sex Trafficking Scandal are brutally torturedRead MoreThe Global North And Global South Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesto preventing human trafficking. From a consequentialist lens, it’ll be determined whether or not the efforts of United States have been effective, worth the expense and the ultimate impact on the Global South nation of Thailand. HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THAILAND Thailand, located in southeast Asia, is home to a large percentage of the world’s human trafficking violations. This means that large quantities of men, women, and even children, are either forced in sex trafficking or human-violating laborRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Global Phenomenon That Does Not Recognize National Borders1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdone to Combating Human Trafficking? Human trafficking is a global phenomenon that does not recognize national borders. Realizing the serious consequences of the human toll, the U.S government has spent $55 million in 50 countries on anti-trafficking programs designed to help indigenous non-government organizations and, international organizations law enforcements officials and foreign governments prevent human trafficking, and restore victims to society. If human trafficking is going to be stoppedRead MoreHuman Trafficking : South East Asia908 Words   |  4 PagesHuman trafficking is still lingering in South-East Asia as of today, and we do not expect to leave any time soon in the near future. The reality is that South-East Asian countries are mainly â€Å"affected by domestic trafficking or trafficking from the neighboring countries† (UNODC, 2014). There is an approximate â€Å"12 to 27 million people enslaved and exploited by human trafficking†, which this crime network brings in approximately  "$30 billion dollars annually† (Collins, 2014). It is detected that today

Attachment Theory on Socio-Emtionals Development of Children

Attachment Theory: One of the most studied topics in today’s psychology is the attachment theory whose common references are from attachment models by Bowlby and Ainsworth. Since its introduction, the concept has developed to become one of the most significant theoretical schemes for understanding the socio-emotional development of children at an early stage. In addition, the theory is also developing into one of the most prominent models that guide parent-child relationships. Some of the key areas in these relationships that are guided by attachment theory include child welfare, parenting programs, daycare, head start programs, schools, and hospitals. Furthermore, attachment theory plays a crucial role as a concept that informs social†¦show more content†¦Together with her colleagues, she laid the foundation that expanded the concept of attachment into an experience that is open to empirical evaluation. Ainsworth’s started her work by strategically observi ng maternal reaction and sensitivity to the needs of infants in order to further examine and understand the intimate bonding exchange between mother and infant. Therefore, attachment theory explains the behavior of infants towards their attachment figures during separation and reunion periods. Analysis of Attachment Theory: Based on this theory, attachment relationships are emotional bonds between individuals that serve a biological function, particularly for infants and young children (Hardy Bellamy, 2013). These relationships protect infants and young children during a period when they are too small to protect themselves by keeping them in proximity to their caregivers. Since infants and young children develop an emotional bond to attachment figures who constantly offer care and comfort, they experience less stress levels and a high sense of calm and safety. The basis of attachment theory is the need for infants to feel safe and secure because of their inability to care for and protect themselves. The attachment theory suggests that infants and young children are extremely dependent on their caregivers because their nervous system is still immature and their inability to calm and soothe themselves. Therefore, primary caregivers or

Graduation Speech My Experience Essay - 1873 Words

I was always the corny child that loved going to school; however, if you even mentioned English I would run in the opposite direction until I could not run anymore. English for me has always been hard, boring, and one of the worst classes throughout my school years. In all of my English classes, I was always behind no matter how hard I tried to catch up and stay ahead. As I grew up I was always worried about what we would be doing in English even if it was just going over a story and digging into it; I always made myself more nervous than I needed to be. Going through many different English classes to try to get to graduation was the only way I could get through. Based on previous academic experiences, reflecting back on myself has prompted deeper thinking regarding not only my English courses but also my writing during my previous school years; thus, I have considered all of my strengths and weakness throughout my previous English 100 papers. Before I started high school, I enjoyed English; due to, the fact that the main thing we did in class was spelling words. I was always good at spelling and would excel during every spelling test. Once I got in Junior high, we continued taking spelling tests; however, we began doing more things consisting of readings and digging into stories. During high school, I was terrified to go to English; I know that sound crazy; however, I could not stand the thought of having to go to class and feel like I knew nothing about what we were goingShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : My Experience880 Words   |  4 Pagesinto the class and what my thoughts were. I was very excited to be taking the class and I was very curious as to what the course would be like. Prior to this class my entire coursework have been online and this is the first time in some time that I was on campus so I was really ready for that in class interaction. I can remember telling my mentors and my Godly counsel that I was taking multicultural counseling and they were very excited about the work of the Lord they see in my life. I was also worriedRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesGraduation The long buildup to one of my happiest experiences began many years ago, when I first started school. This experience isn’t just one single event that occurred in the span of a day, but a transition that took place over a few months. Even on my very first day of kindergarten, it was already clear to me that going to school wasn’t going to be something that I enjoyed. I was very shy and withdrawn, and the other kids weren’t at all interested in being friends with me. Despite my effortsRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience1594 Words   |  7 Pageswith writing and was unable to adjust my habits to accommodate the flow of this course. I had not written an essay, except for research papers, since my fall quarter of freshman year. It was especially hard for me to adjust my time to account for all the activities in the class. Since the course is a hybrid course, I only had one face-to-face meeting with the class. Half of the class requires self-pace and constant checking of what needed to be accomplished. With my initial abilities, I was unable toRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience957 Words   |  4 PagesI can remember a presentation I gave to my school when I was in grade 4. Students were nominated by their teachers from grade 4 to grade 6 and the students were asked to give a speech on a particular question. I believe it was my first big presentation, so I made sure I practiced many times at home in front of my parents and on my own in front of a mirror as well. When it came time for me to present, I forgot all the words to my presentation. I remember feeling embarrassed, but also disappointedRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience877 Words   |  4 PagesMy experience in education from kindergarten to being a senior in high school was very challenging but rewarding. Throughout my schooling, I was blessed to have some exceptional teachers and coaches that had taught me life lessons and challenged me to be a better person out side the classroom and a better student in the classroom. From kindergarten to being a senior in high school, I attended three different types of schools in the South Carolina School system. I attended a small private ChristianRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience913 Words   |  4 Pagesof spending the summer abroad in Hong Kong through UCLA for my college classes. From the beginning, I knew that my goal of this summer abroad was to understand how to work with a culture very different than my own. I would be lying if I stated that I wasn’t a challenge to adjust, but with my patience, understanding, and my desire to succeed, I eventually prevailed. I pushed through my fear of not doing well enough and decided to try my best. The skills I learned in communicating with people whomRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe long, gloomy buildup to my joyful experience began many years ago, when I first started school. Even on my very firs t day of kindergarten, it was already clear to me that going to school wasn’t going to be something that I enjoyed. I was very shy and withdrawn, and the other kids weren’t at all interested in being friends with me. Despite my efforts to try and fit in, they never seemed to like me as much as they all liked each other, The kids in my class didn’t see my quiet nature as shyness, butRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Educational Experience915 Words   |  4 Pages My educational experience is just now beginning as of now I am taking an English class also over summer I took an online academic skills class. Although online classes don’t do college justice you don’t really get the full college experience. As of now I am just focusing on my general education then eventually I hope to attend an RN program. So as of my educational experience this far would be high school and as Dweck author of Brainology would say I had a fixed mindset during high school ev en duringRead MoreGraduation Speech : My First Experience905 Words   |  4 PagesIn my twenty nine years of life I have met every type of teacher. I remember when I was in kindergarten having a strict teacher that never let anything slip by. When I was in fifth grade I learned what it was to have no extra help, I repeated fifth grade. The one type of teacher I will never forget is my Junior year social studies teacher, she encouraged me throughout that year to be the best at everything I did in school. You will have these type of teachers throughout your life, the strict teacherRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Personal Experience909 Words   |  4 Pageslearn from their mistake because my parents gave me the opportunity to fail and later on in life I achieved success from my fail and my personal experience as well as sherry connects with how failure improved education. For example in her essay, â€Å" In Praise of the F word†, she states how countless students do not have the skills they need to succeed and how diplomas for students don’t value anything. Furthermore, she in the essay it also give a personal experiences about her son and h ow she as a parent

Loyalty Through Services Given In Market -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Loyalty Through Services Given In Market? Answer: Introduction Customer relationship management architecture can be divided into three categories namely analytical and operational. For a company that needs to attain the success, they must understand the role of the three concepts and its application in the business sector. The loyalty of a company started decreasing in different firms leading to the formation of Customer Relationship Management. Customers being the critical reasons why different businesses operate, more quality level of service delivery and products must be maintained by the management. The workers must be well informed of the customers needs to increase their effectiveness and duty performance based on service delivery. Therefore, it was for this reason that the top management of the architecture company had to adopt the customer relationship management (CRM) to help them in maintaining the operations of the company through its employees and the services offered to their customers (Dudovskiy, p 4). Purpose of the literature review: Based on the previous research, it was evident that modern architecture and CRM application has brought a lot of positive impact to different large-scale companies when applied correctly. The purpose of this study is determining the benefits of cloud IT services in relation to CRM architecture in the implementation of a different software package for customer satisfaction. I will also give definitions of different terminologies as used in CRM for cloud computing (Bolton Christopher, p 24). Findings and outcome: The findings of the research included CRM solution, cloud computing, methodologies and solutions for future development and architecture development. Aims and Objectives The main aim of the literature review is considering the CRM importance to customer relations and the effectiveness of the cloud computing system in improving the companys quality services. Current research shows that CRM implementation keeps on changing daily; therefore, new technologies are developed and applied to enhance smooth business operations (Lee,p 11). Objectives a) Designing ways of improving customer satisfaction through data analysis b) Determine the benefits of cloud computing for effective information to reach the stakeholders c) Determining the categories of CRM users based on data software usage (Kordalipoor et al, p 4) Scope of the study The definition of CRM architecture and its role in both the company and the customers as CRM implementation can only be effective when technology aspect is obtained. The CRM components are further classified into four main parts namely Culture, Process, business, technology, and people. However, it is also geared by customer information service, collaboration, and sales force automation. Definition of CRM According to Long Khalafinezhad, p 13, CRM is the opportunity utilized by the employees to improve on their profit margin to further attract and retain their potential customers in having business transactions with the organization in the long-run. The main goal of having an architect CRM in a company is improving on customer satisfaction for example supply of quality software materials applied and responding to customer needs appropriately. CRM is the involvement, analysis, and exploitation of knowledge by the producers on the demand of goods or products for their customers. The main objective of CRM is the creation of free customer service consultations that will enable the firm to maximize stakeholders desires in the long run business operations through maintaining good relationships and services. In the current economy, a majority of the customers do have own or control the company. As a large corporation, most of the businesses conducted are highly dependable on the customer demand or request. Such a trend is experienced because they expect effective and fast services continuously being that they hold the failure or success of the firm. The customers also require individual service and always demand to speak to the architecture in charge. Therefore, as a manager, you must ensure that a higher groomed communication and connections are established to avoid losing potential clients. There are two main building blocks of a successful architecture CRM namely, Organizational collaboration and Valued Customer experience. They are used in the research and e-marketing of the company as well as advertising their products worldwide through different websites created. The customers are communicated to in an effective manner through telephone calls or the internet. Organizational collaboration Business collaboration based on CRM is the management bringing both the workers and clients together. The architect system acts as a driving force for proper decision making, innovation, higher market access and decreased product cycle. Through collaborative work, the team management will understand the software that needs to be upgraded through sharing of knowledge and better communication within the company. It is also vital for finding social networking internally by putting the working tools together. The integration of customer interaction through fax, phone, and email improves a customer liberty and retention in the enterprise. Valued Customer experience Technology is dynamically transforming everyones family within the society. The customer expectations are very high and businesses have to design new ways daily in handling their customer needs. The rise in social media is making different companies connect to their customers through internet communication. The software used in the Cloud computing helps the management in planning and implementing customer information based on the data provided to them to solve (Sultan, p 8). The entire customer complaints and feedbacks will comply and a feedback is given to them through their communication channel. A consistent procedure must be applied in resolving these issues in the process the workers will be learning new ideas in dealing with the challenges they are facing while interacting with the clients at a certain period. Categories of CRM Architecture Operational CRM that is used in the automation of selected business processes such as sales and marketing. When a worker is communicating to a customer, the information being shared is later stored in a database for future reference and also placing the customer orders. Analytical CRM in architecture helps a company to have a high-risk management and product development thereby placing emphasis that the organization need to consider while dealing with their client's issues. By using this approach, the enterprise is able to control several problems that might occur in the future (Woodcock, et al, p15). Definition of terms Customers: They are people in an organization who buy goods or services from a business enterprise for satisfaction of his or her needs Board of Directors (BOD): These are individuals in a company elected by the shareholders in the company to monitor and oversee the activities done in the company Customer relationship management: CRM refers to the strategies, technologies, and practices that a company establishes to determine to analyze and manage the customer interactions based on the products or services they offer. Architecture: It is a way in which some computer systems or components are organized and put together to perform different program within the computer system. In the cloud computing area, a different architecture is employed to access the data and information kept in the servers and databases. An internet connection must be available through a network system that will enable all users to have access to the data. Cloud Computing: It is the services and application of internet using a software system at the data centers in communicating with different stakeholders in the business market through pay as work is delivered is conducted. Benefits of CRM through cloud IT a) By the cloud architecture adopting the CRM method at the organization, they will be in a position to push for more modern technology that shall be used while performing different duties assigned to workers within the required period (Rittinghouse Ransome, p 14). b) Moreover, CRM being a marketing concept makes the management to collect, sort and analyze the contract information between the enterprise and the customers thereby taking new initiative strategy in satisfying the clients pull of demand in the market Thirdly, application of CRM helps the organization to have long-term relationship and customer values at a given period. It is realized through the loyalty of the customers and better service delivery making the firm to realize the mutual benefits of maintaining high profitability workforce. d) The workers will experience a high increase in product development following the improvement and demand of customer needs in the market thereby increasing the services and products. e) The use of IT that in most cases needs a great monetary value due to market segmentation and expansion is normally used by large corporations to develop their technology and increase their competitiveness in the market. In turn, this method will help the management in increasing their market share, services rendered to customers, meeting targets and increasing customer loyalty. Role of Board of Directors in the Architect Company in Implementation of CRM Following the Board of Directors annual meeting, developing well equipped new opportunities will be developed for more architecture operations based on the skills and capabilities of the workers. In turn, if the demand is high, the leader of the company will have a great opportunity in expanding the business for more interactions and operations (Bakhru Grant, p 20). Business Plan for IT Recruitment Following architecture enterprise and machine, operations change on a daily basis such as replacement of human labor to use of machines. As a skilled architecture in the field, you have to get informed on the modern technology that keeps in improving and adjust to the IT operations. The manager must also apply a better recruitment method especially experts in IT to ease customer services online. They must also be able to solve ten problems presented to them at hand and ensure that all workers at the company are using the machines correctly such as the software. The architecture operations and CRM business must properly be linked to these IT officials for it will act as guidelines in ensuring they communicate to the architectures in applying the correct model in determining the performance and working towards attaining the stakeholders needs (Garrido-Moreno, p 18). On the other hand, for a software architecture employee, he must ensure that other architectures used should not be assigned operation duties only but also the sustainability of data information to the users. The experts easily maintain a large pool of data accessible to all its users through the hardware platforms. The adoption of CRM in the architecture organization was to help the team overcome external factors such as stiff competition from other architect companies and an increase of customer expectations among others Cloud business application and benefits The business behind the cloud IT operation is that it offers new online application through a web browser for access to information by the customers. Normally, the CRM applications are sold to the clients as a subscription model at a lower fee using the available software. The software maintenance and upgrading in the long term is the duty of the company therefore what is needed of the customer is opening an account for easy interaction with the employees (Erl et al, 2013). All the customers operating in the cloud does share a common software infrastructure across the network. When an upgrading is done it shall apply to all the clients across the network and allowing for backups to every client interested. Through the application of the CRM, the management will be able to transfer knowledge to all the customers across their network system and meeting the needs of their customers across the globe instantly. The access of the information must be effective in both the rural and urban areas to serve every individual equally. It will be achieved through a stronger team working and supporting each other in the filed operations The CRM must also establish a channel in which they will involve the users in decision-making for the marketing and sales for their products or their services (Li Mao, p 27). The IT operation in the clouds plays a vital role in the maintenance of customer security and privacy. For the technology to be efficient to all the users, all the platforms must be secure during and after business operations (Dinh et al, p 24). The security must be highly maintained both externally and internally from unknown users for example by customers creating their own passwords. Moreover, a new recruiting It cloud business must ensure that they have legislation forms such as Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) compliance and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) for encryption of data and transmission. Future explanation based on CRM related work Being an architect of a cloud business plan, the chairman needs to establish other new methods of the firm software by using new technologies that exist within the working environment to remain relevant and competitive in the job market. By applying the new cloud-based model using the software available, the leader will easily introduce a new method of making sales and service delivery to their clients. For example, daily or pay as you go business model (Velte et al,p 30). Having new innovations will be highly influential and demanding to the companys clients as customers require professional services and modern tools used while giving them services. A strong workforce and committed team leader is required for the realization of the organizational goals that will not only benefit the architect company but also the employees Conversely, the CRM organization must put in place the customer focus as their first priority, provide them with the knowledge they require in understanding how their cloud architecture operates and provide feedback to the management based on their field work and interaction with clients (Sharma Sachdeva, p 18). Conclusion As a manager at the architecture company, it is vital that they regularly advocate workers the relevance of using a proactive approach when offering services to their customers so as to maintain high standards of interaction and relationships. The idea of an enterprise adopting the cloud system of operation I consider to be relevant especially in the current market. The reason is that it is simple and easy to communicate with several clients across the globe within a short period. The team members must be highly reliable and responsive to customer needs if they want the firm to succeed. The employees together with the chairman of the architect department must also produce only the products or offer services as per the request of the customers. Finally, CRM is a gradual learning process at any company and its formation was to motivate the workers in using new ways of understanding the desire and needs of their clients. References Bakhru, A. and Grant, R., 2015. Building Capability Systems in New Businesses: The Role of Capability Architecture. Bolton, R.N. and Christopher, R.M., 2014. Building long-term relationships between service organizations and customers. Published in Rust, RT Huang M.(eds.) Handbook of Service Marketing Research. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar.. Dinh, H.T., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P., 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches. Wireless communications and mobile computing, 13(18). Dudovskiy J. 2013, june 20. Research Methodology. Available at https://research- methodology.net/a-brief-literature-review-customer-relationship-management. Erl, T., Puttini, R. and Mahmood, Z., 2013. Cloud computing: concepts, technology architecture. Pearson Education. Garrido-Moreno, A., Lockett, N. and Garcia-Morales, V., 2015. Exploring the role of knowledge management practices in fostering customer relationship management as a catalyst of marketing innovation. Baltic Journal of Management, 10(4), Kordalipoor M, Shahhosseini R Hamidi K. 2015. A Literature Review on CustomerRelationship Management And Critical Success Factors. Available at https://amiemt- journal.com/test/vol3-3/48.pdf. Kumar, V. and Reinartz, W., 2012. Customer relationship management: Concept, strategy, and tools. Springer Science Business Media. Lee, Y., 2014. Improving customer equity through value creation and value appropriation (Doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University). Li, L. and Mao, J.Y., 2012. The effect of CRM use on internal sales management control: An alternative mechanism to realize CRM benefits. Information management, 49(6), pp.269-277. Long S.C Khalafinezhad R. 2012. Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: A Literature Review in the Perspective of Customer Relationship Management.Web https://jabfr.science- line.com/attachments/article/10/J.%20Appl.%20Bus.%20Fin.%20Res.%201(1)%2006- 13%20(2012).pdf. 1(1). Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016. Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Sharma, R.R. and Sachdeva, R., 2017. Performance Evaluation of Churn Customer Behavior based on Hybrid Algorithm. International Journal of Computer Applications, 159(6). Sultan, N. 2013. Knowledge management in the age of cloud computing and Web 2.0:Experiencing the power of disruptive innovations. International journal of information management, 33(1). Velte, A.T., Velte, T.J., Elsenpeter, R.C. and Elsenpeter, R.C., 2010. Cloud computing: a practical approach. New York: McGraw-Hill. Woodcock, N., Broomfield, N., Downer, G. and Starkey, M., 2011. The evolving data architecture of social customer relationship management. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 12(3).

Air Water and Land Pollution Essay Example

Air Water and Land Pollution Paper Workbook, audio, more! Www. Lugubriousnesss. Com Air pollution is a general term that covers a broad range of contaminants in the atmosphere. Elution can occur from natural causes or from human activities. Discussions about the effects of air pollution have focused mainly on human health but attention is being directed to environmental quality and amenity as well. Air pollutants are found as gases or particles, and on a restricted scale they can be trapped inside buildings as indoor air pollutants. Urban air pollution has long been an important concern for civic administrators, but increasingly, air pollution has become an international problem. The most characteristic sources of air pollution have always been ambition processes. Here the most obvious pollutant is smoke. However, the widespread use of fossil fuels has made sulfur and nitrogen oxides pollutants of great concern. With increasing use of petroleum-based fuels, a range of organic compounds have become widespread in the atmosphere. In urban areas, air pollution has been a matter of concern since historical times. Indeed, there were complaints about smoke in ancient Rome. The use of coal throughout the centuries has caused cities to be very smoky places. Along with smoke, large concentrations of sulfur dioxide were produced. It was this suture of smoke and sulfur dioxide that typified the foggy streets of Victorian London, paced by such figures as Sherlock Holmes and Jack the Ripper, whose images remain linked with smoke and fog. Such situations are far less common in the cities Of North America and Europe today. We will write a custom essay sample on Air Water and Land Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Air Water and Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Air Water and Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, until recently, they have been evident in other cities, such as Ankara, Turkey, and Shanghai, China, that rely heavily on coal. Coal is still burned in large quantities to produce electricity or to refine metals, but these processes are frequently undertaken outside cities. Within urban areas, fuel use has shifted award liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons (petroleum and natural gas). These fuels typically have a lower concentration of sulfur, so the presence of sulfur dioxide has declined in many urban areas. However, the widespread use of liquid fuels in automobiles has meant increased production of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. Primary pollutants such as sulfur dioxide or smoke are the direct emission products of the combustion process. Today, many of the key pollutants in the urban atmospheres are secondary pollutants, produced by processes initiated through photochemical reactions. The Los Angles, California-type, photochemical smog is now characteristic of urban atmospheres dominated by secondary pollutants. Although the automobile is the main source of air pollution in contemporary cities, there are other equally significant sources. Stationary sources are still important and the oil-burning furnaces that have replaced the older coal-burning ones are still responsible for a range of gaseous emissions and fly ash. Incineration is also an important source of complex combustion products, especially where this incineration burns a wide range of refuse. These emissions can include chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dioxin. When plastics, which often contain chlorine, are incinerated, hydrochloric acid is found in the waste gas stream. Metals, especially since they are volatile at high temperatures, can migrate to smaller, resalable particles. The accumulation of toxic metals, such as cadmium, on fly ash gives rise to concern over harmful effects from incinerator emissions. In specialized incinerators designed to destroy toxic compounds such as polycarbonate phenols (BPCS), many questions have been raised about the completeness of this destruction process. Even under optimum conditions when the urinate operation has been properly maintained, great care needs to be taken to control leaks and losses during transfer operations (fugitive emissions). The enormous range of compounds used in modern manufacturing processes has also meant that there is an ever-widening range of emissions from both the industrial processes and the combustion of their wastes. Although the amounts of these toxic compounds are often rather small, they add to the complex range of compounds found in the urban atmosphere. Again, it is not only the deliberate loss of effluents through discharge from pipes and chimneys that needs attention. Fugitive emissions of volatile substances that leak from valves and seals often warrant careful control. Air pollution control procedures are increasingly an important part of civic administration, although their goals are far from easy to achieve. It is also noticeable that although many urban concentrations of primary pollutants, for example, smoke and sulfur dioxide, are on the decline in developed countries, this is not always true in developing countries. Here the desire for rapid industrial growth has often lowered urban air quality. Secondary air pollutants are generally proving a more difficult problem to eliminate than primary pollutants like smoke. Smog covers the Los Angles basin. (Photo by Walter A. Lyons, AVIVA Productions. Reproduced by permission. ) AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH PROBLEMS urban air pollutants have a wide range of effects, With health problems being the most enduring concern. In the classical polluted atmospheres filled with smoke and Suffer dioxide, a range of bronchial diseases was enhanced. While respiratory diseases are still the principal problem, the issues are somewhat more subtle in atmospheres where the air pollutants are not so obvious. In photo-chemical smog, eye irritation from a secondary pollutant, approximately titrate (PAN), is one of the most characteristic direct effects of the smog. High concentrations of carbon monoxide in cities where automobiles operate at high density mean that the human heart has to work harder to make up for the oxygen displaced from the bloods hemoglobin by carbon monoxide. This extra stress appears to reveal itself through increased incidence of complaints among people with heart problems. There is a widespread belief that contemporary air pollutants are involved in the increases in asthma, but the links between asthma and air pollution are probably rather complex and related to a whole range of factors. Lead, from automotive exhausts, is thought by many to be a factor in lowering the IIS of urban children. Air pollution also affects materials in the urban environment. Soiling has long been regarded as a problem, originally the result of the smoke from wood or coal fires, but now increasingly the result of fine black soot from diesel exhausts. The acid gases, particularly sulfur dioxide, increase the rate of destruction of building materials. This is most noticeable with calcareous stones, which are the predominant building material of many important historic structures. Metals also suffer from atmospheric acidity. In todays photochemical smog, natural rubbers crack and deteriorate rapidly. Health problems relating to indoor air pollution are extremely ancient. Anthracnose, or black lung disease, has been found in mummified lung tissue. Recent decades have witnessed a shift from the predominance of concern about outdoor air pollution into a widening interest in indoor air quality. The production of energy from combustion and the release of solvents is so large in the contemporary world that it causes air pollution problems of regional and global nature. Acid rain is now widely observed throughout the world. The sheer quantity of carbon dioxide emitted in combustion processes is increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and enhancing the greenhouse effect. Courtesy of IS . S. Government publication. ) Solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride and the aerosol propellants chlorofluorocarbons (CIFS) are now detectable all over the globe and responsible for problems such as ozone layer depletion. At the other end of the scale, we need to remember that gases leak indoors from the polluted outdoor environment, but more often th e serious pollutants arise from processes that take place indoors. Here there has been particular concern with regards to the generation of nitrogen oxides by sources such as gas stoves. Similarly, formaldehyde from insulating foams causes illnesses and adds to concerns about our exposure to a substance that may induce cancer in the long run. In the last decade it has become clear that radon leaks from the ground can expose some members of the public to high levels of this radioactive gas within their own homes. Cancers may also result from the emanation of solvents from consumer products?glues, paints, and mineral fibers (asbestos). More generally these compounds and a range of biological trials?animal hair, skin, pollen spores, and dusts?can cause allergic reactions in some people. At one end of the spectrum these simply cause annoyance, but in extreme cases, such as found with the bacterium Legionary , a large number of deaths can occur. There are also important issues surrounding the effects of indoor air pollutants on materials. Many industries, especially the electronics industry, must take great care over the purity of indoor air where a speck of dust can destroy a microchip or low concentrations of air pollutants change the composition of surface films in component design. Museums must care for objects over long periods of time, so precautions must be taken to protect delicate dyes from the effects of photochemical smog, paper and books from sulfur dioxide, and metals from sulfide gases. AIR QUALITY Air quality is determined with respect to the total air pollution in a given area as it interacts with meteorological conditions such as humidity, temperature, and wind to produce an overall atmospheric condition. Poor air quality can manifest itself aesthetically (as a displeasing odor, for example), and can also result in harm to plants, animals, and people, and even damage to objects. As early as 1 881, cities such as Chicago, Illinois, and Cincinnati, Ohio, passed laws to control some types of pollution, but it was not until several air pollution catastrophes occurred in the twentieth century that governments began to give more attention to air-quality problems. For instance, in 1930, smog trapped in the Mouse River Valley in Belgium caused 60 deaths. Similarly, in 1948, smog was blamed for 20 deaths in Donors, Pennsylvania. Most dramatically, in 1 952, a sulfur-laden fog enshrouded London for five days and caused as many as 4,000 deaths over two weeks. Disasters such as these romped governments in a number of industrial countries to initiate programs to protect air quality. The year of the London tragedy, the United States passed the Air Pollution Control Act granting funds to assist the states in controlling airborne pollutants. In 1963, the Clean Air Act, which began to place authority for air quality into the hands of the federal government, was established. Today the Clean Air Act, with its 1 970 and 1 990 amendments, remains the principal air quality law in the United States. The act established a National Ambient Air Quality Standard under which federal, state, and local monitoring stations at thousands of locations, together with temporary stations set up by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other federal agencies, directly measure pollutant concentrations in the air and compare those concentrations with national standards for six major pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead, particulates, and sulfur dioxide. When the air we breathe contains amounts of these pollutants in excess of EPA standards, it is deemed unhealthy, and regulatory action is taken to reduce the pollution levels. A December 1998 EPA report indicates hat while air quality continues to improve, approximately 1 07 million Americans in 1997 lived in areas that did not meet the ambient air quality standards for at least one of the six major pollutants noted above. In general, though, improvements in air quality have been significant: carbon monoxide concentrations have decreased 38%; lead concentrations have decreased by 67%; nitrogen dioxide concentrations are down by 14%; ozone (smog) concentrations have been reduced by 1 9%; particulate matter concentrations decreased 26%; and sulfur dioxide concentrations decreased 39%. At the name time that air pollution has been decreasing significantly (1970-97), gross domestic product increased 114%, U. S. Population increased 31 %, and vehicle miles traveled increased 127%. In addition, urban and industrial areas maintain an air pollution index. This scale, a composite of several pollutant levels recorded from a particular monitoring site or sites, yields an overall air quality value. Public warnings are given if the index exceeds certain values; in severe instances residents might be asked to stay indoors and factories might even be closed down. While such air quality emergencies seem increasingly are in the United States, developing countries, as well as Eastern European nations, continue to suffer poor air quality, especially in urban areas such as Bangkok, Thailand and Mexico City, Mexico. In Mexico City, for example, seven out of ten newborns have higher lead levels in their blood than the World Health Organization (WHO) considers acceptable. At present, many Third World countries place national economic development ahead of pollution control?and in many countries with rapid industrialization, high population growth, or increasing per capita income, the best efforts of overspent to maintain air quality are outstripped by rapid proliferation of automobiles, escalating factory emissions, and runaway arbitration. For all the progress the United States has made in reducing ambient air pollution, indoor air pollution may pose even greater risks than all of the pollutants we breathe outdoors. The Radon Gas and Indoor Air Quality Act of 1986 directed the EPA to research and implement a public information and technical assistance program on indoor air quality. From this program has come monitoring equipment to measure an individuals total exposure to Laotians both in indoor and outdoor air. Studies done using this equipment have shown indoor exposures to toxic air pollutants far exceed outdoor exposures for the simple reason that most people spend 90% of their time in office buildings, homes, and other enclosed spaces. Moreover, nationwide energy conservation efforts following the oil crisis of the sass led to building designs that trap pollutants indoors, thereby exacerbating the problem. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL The need to control air pollution was recognized in the earliest cities. In the Mediterranean at the time of Christ, laws were developed to place objectionable sources of odor and smoke downwind or outside city walls. The adoption of fossil fuels in thirteenth-century England focused particular concern on the effect of coal smoke on health, with a number of attempts at regulation with regard to fuel type, chimney heights, and time of use. Given the complexity of the air pollution problem it is not surprising that these early attempts at control met with only limited success. The nineteenth century was typified by a growing interest in urban public health. This developed against a background of continuing industrialization, which saw smoke abatement clauses incorporated into the growing body of sanitary legislation in both Europe and North America. However, a lack of both technology and political will doomed these early efforts to failure, except in the most blatantly destructive situations (for example, industrial settings such as those around alkali works in England). The rise Of environmental awareness in the current century has reminded us that air pollution ought not to be seen as a necessary product of industrialization. This has redirected responsibility for air pollution towards those who create it. The notion of making the polluter ay is seen as a central feature of air pollution control. The century has also seen the development of a range of broad air pollution control strategies, among them: 1. Air quality management strategies that set ambient air quality standards so that emissions from various sources can be monitored and controlled. . Emission standards strategy that sets limits for the amount of a pollutant that can be emitted from a given source. These may be set to meet air quality standards, but the strategy is optimally seen as one of adopting best available technology not entailing excessive costs (BATTENED). 3. Economic strategies that involve charging the party responsible for the pollution. If the level of charge is set corr ectly, some polluters will find it more economical to install air pollution control equipment than continue to pollute. Other methods utilize a system of traceable pollution rights. . Cost-benefit analysis, which attempts to balance economic benefits with environmental costs. This is an appealing strategy but difficult to implement because of its controversial and imprecise nature. In general, air pollution strategies have either been air quality or emission based. In the United Kingdom, emission tragedy is frequently used; for example, the Alkali and Works Act of 1 863 specifies permissible emissions of hydrochloric acid. By contrast, the United States has aimed to achieve air quality standards, as evidenced by the Clean Air Act. One criticism of using air quality strategy has been that while it improves air in poor areas it leads to degradation in areas with high air quality. Although the emission standards approach is relatively simple, it is criticized for failing to make explicit judgments about air quality and assumes that good practice will lead to an acceptable atmosphere. Until the mid- whiniest century, legislation was primarily directed towards industrial sources, but the passage of the United Kingdom Clean Air Act (1956), which followed the disastrous smog of December 1952, directed attention towards domestic sources of smoke. While this particular act may have reinforced the improvements already under way, rather than initiating improvements, it has served as a catalyst for much subsequent legislative thinking. Its mode of operation was to initiate a change in fuel, perhaps one of the oldest methods of control. The other well-tried aspects were the creation of smokeless zones ND an emphasis on tall chimneys to disperse the pollutants. As simplistic as such passive control measures seem, they remain at the heart of much contemporary thinking. Changes from coal and oil to the less-polluting gas or electricity have contributed to the reduction in smoke and sulfur dioxide concentrations in cities all around the world. Industrial zoning has often kept power and large manufacturing plants away from centers of human population, and superstars, chimneys of enormous height, are now quite common. Successive changes in automotive fuels?lead-free gasoline, low- Latinity gas, methanol, or even the interest in the electric automobile?are further indications of continued use of these methods of control. There are more active forms of air pollution control that seek to clean up the exhaust gases. The earliest of these were smoke and grit arresters that came into increasing use in large electrical stations during the twentieth century. Notable here were the cyclone collectors that removed large particles by driving the exhaust through a tight spiral that threw the grit outward where it could be collected. Finer particles could be removed by electrostatic reciprocation. These methods were an important part of the development of the modern pulverize fuel power station. However, they failed to address the problem of gaseous emissions. Here it has been necessary to look at burning fuel in ways that reduce the production of nitrogen oxides. Control of sulfur dioxide emissions from large industrial plants can be achieved by desertification of the flue gases. This can be quite successful by passing the gas through towers of solid absorbers or spraying solutions through the exhaust gas stream. However, these are not necessarily cheap options. The Atlantic converter is also an important element of active attempts to control air pollutants. Although these can considerably reduce emissions, they have to be offset against the increasing use Of the automobile. There is much talk of the development of zero pollution vehicles that do not emit any pollutants. Legislation and control methods are often associated with monitoring networks that assess the effectiveness of the strategies and inform the general public about air quality where they live. A balanced approach to the control of air pollution in the future may have to look far more broadly than simply at technological controls. It will become necessary to examine the way we structure our lives in order to find more effective solutions to air pollution. AIR POLLUTION INDEX The air pollution index is a value derived from an air quality scale that uses the measured or predicted concentrations of several criteria pollutants and other air-quality indicators, such as coefficient of haze (COHO) or visibility. The best-known index of air pollution is the pollutant standard index (SSI). The SSI has a scale that spans from O to 500. The index represents the highest value of several subsidence; there is a subsided for each pollutant, or in some cases, or a product of pollutant concentrations and a product of pollutant concentrations and COB. If a pollutant is not monitored, its subsided is not used in deriving the AS. The subsided of each pollutant or pollutant product is derived from a SSI monogram that matches concentrations with subsided values. The highest subsided value becomes the SSI. The SSI has five health- related categories: good (0-50); moderate (50-100); unhealthy (100-200); very unhealthy (200-300) hazardous (300-500). CLEAN AIR ACT (1 963, 1 970, 1990) The 1970 Clean Air Act and major amendments to the act in 1 977 and 1990 river as the backbone of efforts to control air pollution in the United States. This law established one Of the most complex regulatory programs in the country. Efforts to control air pollution in the United States date back to 1 881 , when Chicago and Cincinnati passed laws to control smoke and soot from factories in the cities. Other municipalities followed suit and the momentum continued to build. In 1952, Oregon became the first state to adopt a significant program to control air pollution, and three years later, the federal government became involved for the first time, when the Air Pollution Control Act was passed. This law granted funds to assist the states in their air pollution control activities. In 1 963, the first Clean Air Act was passed. This act provided permanent federal aid for research, support for the development of state pollution control agencies, and federal involvement in cross-boundary air pollution cases. An amendment to the act in 1965 directed the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) to establish federal emission standards for motor vehicles. (At that time, HEW administered air pollution laws. The EPA was not created until 1970. ) This represented a significant move by the federal government from a supportive to an active role in setting air-pollution policy. The 1967 Air Quality Act provided additional funding to the states, required the states to establish Air Quality Control Regions, and directed HEW to obtain and make available information on the health effects Of air pollutants and to identify pollution control techniques. All of these components of the law were designed to assist the states, but they further demonstrated increasing federal involvement in the issue. The Clean Air Act of 1970 marked a dramatic change in air pollution logic in the United States. Following the passage of this law, the federal government, not the states, would be the focal point for air pollution policy. This act established the framework that continues to be the foundation for air pollution control policy. The impetus for this change was the belief that the current state-based approach was not working. Public sentiment was growing so significantly that environmental issues demanded the attention of high- ranking officials. In fact, the leading policy entrepreneurs on the issue were president Richard Nixon and Senator Edmund Muskie of Maine. These men ND other leaders devised a plan with four key components. First, National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NANAS) were established for six major pollutants: carbon monoxide, le ad (in 1977), nitrogen dioxide, ground-level ozone (a key component of smog), particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide. For each of these pollutants, sometimes referred to as criteria pollutants, primary and secondary standards were set. The primary standards were designed to protect human health; the secondary standards were based on protecting crops, forests, and buildings if the primary standards were not capable of doing so. The act stipulated that these standards must apply to the entire country and be established by the EPA based on the best available scientific information. Related, the EPA was to establish standards for less common toxic air pollutants. Second, New Source Performance Standards (NSP) would be established by the EPA- These standards would determine how much air pollution would be allowed by new plants in the various industrial sectors. The standards are to be based on the best affordable technology available for the control of pollutants at sources such as power plants, steel factories, and chemical plants. Third, mobile source emission standards were established to control automobile emissions. These standards were specified in the statute (rather than left to the EPA), and schedules for meeting these standards were also written into the law. It was thought that such an approach was crucial in having success with the powerful auto industry. The pollutants regulated were carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, with goals of reducing the first two pollutants by 90% by 1 975, and nitrogen oxides by 82% by 1975. The final component of the air quality protection framework involved the implementation of the above procedures. Each state would be encouraged to devise a state implementation plan (SIP), which would indicate how the state would achieve the national standards. This gave each state some flexibility while still maintaining national standards. These plans had to be approved by the ERA; if a state did not have an approved SIP, the EPA would administer the Clean Air Act in that state. However, since the federal government is in charge of establishing pollution standards for new mobile and stationary sources, even the States with an SIP have limited flexibility. The main focal point for the states was the control of existing stationary sources, and if necessary, mobile sources.

10 Pros and Cons Arguments For Abstinence

10 Pros and Cons Arguments For Abstinence Approaches to teenage pregnancy prevention split down the middle between two schools of thought: abstinence (waiting until marriage to have sex)sex education (including contraceptive information and HIV prevention) Both sides argue that their approach is effective, especially in light of the continuing decline in teen pregnancy rates and teen birth rates. Whether thats true or not, one fact is clear: the rates in recent years have hit record lows. So is this due to the push in abstinence-only education programs, or in broader and more comprehensive sex education programs that provide teens with information about contraception and HIV prevention? To consider the role of abstinence or sex education in teenage pregnancy prevention, it helps to consider both sides of the argument. Below are links to both sides of the issue 10 arguments for abstinence as the best form of pregnancy prevention for teens and 10 arguments against abstinence a total of 20 arguments representing each perspective on the abstinence/sex education debate. Ten Arguments For Abstinence Abstinence from sex is the only form of pregnancy prevention that is 100% effective. Every method of contraception has a risk of failure, however, small, but a teen who practices abstinence will never become pregnant.Teens who abstain from sexual activity also avoid the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).Teens who practice abstinence are much less likely to experience a physically or emotionally abusive relationship, drop out of high school, engage in substance abuse, or feel pressured into having sex all risk factors for teens who explore and become sexually active at an early age.A teen who practices abstinence and is in a romantic relationship is secure in the knowledge that her/his partner is not interested in them purely for sex a concern of many teens.Some studies indicate that couples enjoy greater relationship satisfaction when they delay having sex until they are seriously dating, engaged or married.Teens are at a stage in life in which theyre already emotionally vulnerable. Getting involved in a sexual relationship increases that vulnerability and the chances of being hurt or used by a partner. By abstaining from sex, its a lot easier to figure out if a relationship or a person is good for you. Studies have revealed a connection between low self-esteem and early sexual activity. A teen who deliberately chooses to wait to have sexual intercourse is less likely to look to a relationship for validation and may be more self-reliant.Some teens use sex as a way to achieve intimacy and closeness with someone, but this is an artificial way of doing so. Teens who practice abstinence build relationships with partners based on mutual likes and dislikes, common approaches to life, and shared interests and develop a more authentic relationship that can better stand the test of time.Abstinence may help students do better in school. According to the American Journal of Health studies, students in abstinence-only education programs demonstrate better GPAs and improved verbal and numerical aptitude skills.... stronger peer relations, positive youth development, and...[greater] aware[ness] of the consequences of risky behavior, such as teen pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases.Abstinen ce costs nothing and there are no side effects as there are with oral contraceptives and many other forms of pregnancy prevention. Sources: Elias, Marilyn. Study pinpoints factors for early sex. USAToday.com. 12 November 2007.Lawrence, S.D. Abstinence Only Sex Ed Has Unexpected Benefit: Math Gains? Educationnews.com. 13 March 2012.McCarthy, Ellen. The Literature: Delaying sex seems to lead to a more satisfying relationship, study finds. Washingtonpost.com. 31 October 2010.Salzman, Brock Alan. An argument for abstinence and commitment: Implications For Sex Education and Counseling. Teen-aid.org. Retrieved 25 May 2012.

Executive vs. Non-executive Pay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Executive vs. Non-executive Pay - Research Paper Example Average pay is made from chief executives to the low ranking managers. In the other hand, non-executive pay is a payment done due to management of department or regions where executive works in smaller companies (Martocchio, 2011). The companies which provide non executive pay do not comprise any governing body or board. Compensation is one of the disparity that grows in this line of executives as they are paid differently but performing the little task as compared to the employees. Management differences and organization plan in an organization determines employees payments. Chief executives in some companies tend to do a lot of work than others and earning more (Martocchio, 2011). Executives determine the success of failure of an organization because since they plan for every task undertaken including the payment. Good management is determined by the level of knowledge and experience with the

John F. Kennedy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John F. Kennedy - Research Paper Example He served in the House of Representatives as well as the United States Senate before being elected as president in 1960. The Kennedy Presidency was marked by several very important domestic and international events. The foreign policy of the Kennedy administration was dominated by Cold War threats from The Soviet Union and the escalation of the conflict in Vietnam. Domestic issues that occupied the administration centered on the poverty that still existed in much of the United States, especially in rural areas. Early in his presidency, Kennedy met with Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of The Soviet Union. Khrushchev was a strong willed individual that liked to bully other visiting heads of state. Kennedy was no exception. He left the summit with the Soviets frustrated and upset. Soon after this, the Soviets announced that they would establish official relations with East Berlin. This enclave of Soviet control had been in limbo since the end of World War II. Many Germans fled from East t o West Berlin. To stop this, the Soviets erected a wall through Berlin. The West portion of the city was cutoff and isolated. The Kennedy administration did not give in to the demands of the soviets that America abandon West Berlin. He stood his ground and his approval rating soared (Daum 2008, p. 19). The Cuban missile crisis was also a situation where President Kennedy took the nation to the brink of nuclear war and came out more popular than ever. The United Stated discovered that the Soviets were putting offensive missiles on the island of Cuba in the Caribbean. These missiles could be equipped with nuclear warheads that could reach as far north as Washington DC and possibly New York City. The missiles were arriving on Soviet ships, so the United States blockaded the island and started to search all Soviet ships headed towards Cuba. The Soviets were furious, but many nations in the Americas felt that President Kennedy was doing the right thing (Byrne 2006, p. 26). The standoff e nded by the Soviets stating they would no longer deploy missiles in Cuba and the United States promised never to invade Cuba. Secretly, the United States removed some outdated missile batteries from Turkey to further appease the Soviets. Domestic issues of the Kennedy administration focused on civil rights and the elimination of poverty. The historical record is mixed for President Kennedy’s domestic agenda. Civil rights were becoming important to many Americans. In the south, Kennedy needed to keep white, southern lawmakers on his side so some of the poverty reduction legislation he was championing could pass (Rosenberg et al. 2004, p.133). At the same time, he was getting pressure to forge closer ties with civil rights leader Martin Luther Kin Jr. The problem with getting too close to Martin Luther King Jr. was the fact that he was known to have communists as friends, associates and advisors. This was not acceptable politically. As a result, Kennedy is not viewed as being v ery successful in the area of Civil Rights. He forced educational institutions in the south to desegregate. But this action cost him the votes he needed to pass legislation to help the Appalachian region develop a modern economy. Another domestic initiative that occupied the Kennedy presidency was increasing America’s presence in space. The successful launch of Sputnik by the Soviets convinced many Americans that they were falling behind when it came to technology.

William Shakespeare and Lady Macbeth Essay Example for Free

William Shakespeare and Lady Macbeth Essay If Renaissance writers sought to accurately portray humanistic ideals and construct true to life portraits using words, then the women of Shakespeares plays embody the apex of this intention. Shakespearean dramas often attribute cunning intellect, calculated control and enigmatic beauty to his female protagonists. In modern reflection, they are revealed as forerunners of contemporary women who aptly proved their ability to rival men in wit and intellect. Rarely powerless or ambivalent, Shakespeares women often drove plots in which they served as the contrivers of the plays central focus. Undoubtedly, the frequently disputed author must have been someone who held education in the highest of esteem; he clearly believed the powers thereof could be used for iniquity or self-betterment. As will be shown, Shakespeare depicts the genius of which women are capable as well of the unspeakable evil in which some of literatures most recognizable females indulged. This dichotomy is perhaps best illustrated in two of Shakespeares most recognizable plays: Macbeth and The Taming of the Shrew. In the former, Lady Macbeth conceives a massacre of the existing royal family in order to elevate her husband to the throne of Scotland. The second play exemplifies the struggle of a spinster to derail the nuptials of both her sister and herself by warding off but eventually submitting to Petruchios courtship. Both women are delineated by the candor and cleverness of their speech and in due course must face the fate they least desired. However, rarely in any Renaissance play does there exist a woman as remarkably intelligent and beautiful as Portia in The Merchant of Venice. A female protagonist, she almost certainly embodies what the author believed the ideal woman should be. Lady Macbeths manipulative instigation of the central murders in MacBeth illustrates the naked ambition which a woman was capable of. As authoritarian and devious as any of Shakespeares characters, Lady Macbeth symbolizes the ability of ethical weakness corrupted by power to lead to corruption by immorality. A descendent of regal blood both historically and in the play, her education is presumed equal with any other woman of such status in the Renaissance. In order to understand the background of aristocratic ladies in the fifteenth century, it is critical to examine the socio-cultural transformation affecting women throughout Europe. As noted by Margaret L. King in Women of the Renaissance, the course of a changing balance of power, brought on by education being made more widely available to women, resulted in men beginning to respect their wives and look to them as a source of guidance, often in secular and domestic matters. It was with reference to this period that Marie de Guarnay wrote The Equity of Men and Women, in which she questioned the values of an uneducated woman and suggested that only women of culture could have a true sense of themselves. Another noted female writer, Christine de Pizan, wrote The City of Ladies, which was translated into English in 1521, around the time Shakespeare wrote his plays. The most significant of Pizans twenty works, the author detailed the significance of her own education and the instruction of other women. Though only limited education was sought out by commoners, Lady Macbeth would have been part of an elite class whom were fortunate enough to have the benefit of private instruction. Lady Macbeths eloquence hints at her implied learnedness. An articulate woman was a rarity among the working classes and was therefore a valued sign of class supremacy among the aristocracy. In Act I, Lady Macbeths monologue in scene five epitomizes both her ruthlessness and rhetoric: LADY MACBETH. The raven himself is hoarse That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements. Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood, Stop up thaccess and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between Th effect and it. Come to my womans breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murdring ministers, Wherever in your sightless substances You wait on natures mischief. (Shakespeare, 123) Lady Macbeth employs extended metaphors and caustic diction as she implores masculine courage and clearly defines her unequivocal ambition to overtake the throne by assassination. The sheer contemptuousness of this articulate soliloquy is evidence of an intellectual force who is in fact the dominant partner in her marriage to the future King Macbeth. In concordance, it may be inferred that Lady Macbeth exploits her regal status and intellectual prowess to bring harm unto others and ultimately facilitate her own demise. Her conscience is shown only as she descends into madness and ultimate suicide: LADY MACBETH. Wash your hands, put on your night-gown, look not so pale. I tell you yet again, Banquos buried; he cannot come out ons grave DOCTOR. Even so? LADY MACBETH. To bed, to bed; theres a knocking at the gate. Come, come, come, come, give me your hand; whats done cannot be undone. To bed, to bed, to bed. (Shakespeare, 219) Lady Macbeth amounts to a character utterly devoid of ethics. Though not entirely representative of Shakespeares opinion of educated women, his treatment of Lady Macbeth surely suggests that a womans intellectual ability, when miss-used, has adverse effects on the individual and those surrounding her. From the inception of The Taming of the Shrew, it is clear that Katherina indeed lives up to her reputation as Katherine the Curst (Shakespeare, 95). Baptistas eldest daughter behaves aggressively to the friendliest of acquaintances but she is also psychologically astute and capable of tremendous wit and candor. Though Katherinas feisty demeanor may be at first deceptive, by adding innuendos and complex metaphors to her discourse, Shakespeare alludes to a capable, clever woman beneath her pugnacious nature. Additionally, the author sets forth a counter-plot between Bianca and Lucentio who epitomize what a conventional young couple should be; his handsome looks and charismatic manner pair well with Biancas youthful beauty. Their relationship contrasts strongly with the tempestuous encounters between Petruchio and Katherina. However, Bianca is portrayed throughout as submissive and her role is never one of particular interest; it seems therefore that Shakespeare favors Katherina if only because her persona is the more fascinating to encounter. Bianca, though likely educated and reared similarly to Kate, lacks the gumption and resolve which makes her sister more demanding of her suitors and active in the play. Shakespeares favoritism is further evidenced in the plays title; Katherina is clearly the shrew and therefore the protagonist. In sum, the author has favored a willful woman over her submissive counterpart, validating a womans attempt to control her choice of partner rather than proper obedience. As for the authors inspiration, scholars have suggested that Katherina may have been modeled after his sister, Katherine de Vere of Windsor. If de Veres sister was the inspiration for his shrew, it is evident that he did not remember her fondly! When Edward de Vere was in his adolescence, Katherine attempted to obtain his inheritance and earldom by suing him. If Edward de Vere was in fact the author of the Shakespeare plays (Looney 1920, et alia), it seems his personal partialities may have influenced many of his female protagonists. Katherina is further characterized by the literary elements in her speech; her wit and rapid responses are among the sure signs that she is as clever as the men who surround her and a perfect adversary for Petruchio. Her infrequent victories over male counterparts are nearly always marked by two facets: Katherinas refusal to relinquish her stance and her keen ability to out-quarrel her opponent. In this passage, Katherina attempts to defy the wishes of Petruchio: KATHERINA So may you lose your arms. If you strike me, you are no gentlemen, why then no arms. PETRUCHIO A herald, Kate? O put me in thy books. KATHERINA What is your crest- a coxcomb? PETRUCHIO A combless cock, so Kate will be my hen. KATHERINA No cock of mine; you crow too like a craven. PETRUCHIO Nay, come Kate, come; you must not look so sour. KATHERINA It is my fashion when I see a crab. (Shakespeare, 97) Notably, Kates contemptuous remarks and quick-witted responses come as a great surprise to Petruchio, who seems to enjoy their combative exchange. Katherina dispels the notion that ladies must be demure and submissive if they wish to attract the company of a suitor. Perhaps the most telling moment in the play is Katherinas final monologue; it seems this speech has been the subject of more controversy than nearly all others in literature. It has been subjected to scholarly scrutiny, denounced by feminists and continued to awe readers for centuries because it is the most indicative moment of Shakespeares view of femininity. From the feminist movement of the twentieth century, there comes the revisionist theory that Kate has not been tamed at all and her character is a mockery of mens treatment of women. Evidence to support this includes Christopher Slys comments about the play, in which he states that Petruchios actions have taught him how to treat a woman. Since we are aware of Christopher Slys foolishness, it is unlikely that the author aimed for readers to identify with this view. It seems possible that Shakespeare intended to reveal the lingering misogyny of an era in which willful, intelligent women were often dismissed as stepping outside their natural roles. Though it seems avant-garde in the context of the period, this theory suggests that womens submissiveness has been mocked and the play is ultimately successfully feminist. If the final monologue is intended to deceive Petruchio and is a calculated attempt to win back his favor, then Katherinas character is truly revolutionary because she has beguiled the two men who know her best- Petruchio and Baptista- into believing that she yields to their desires. But this interpretation of Petruchio and Katherina demonstrates to why it is believed The Earl of Oxford respected Elizabeth Trentham: she was an intellectually gifted woman who was capable of actively participating in affairs traditionally allocated to men. The alternate theory and more accepted of the two, is that Kate is a broken woman and male supremacy has been achieved. Aside from Kates final monologue, there is evidence throughout the play in favor of a misogynistic interpretation. In particular, Act IV, in which Petruchio and Kate return home from their wedding, is atrocious yet exemplary of brutal tactics used to keep women from taking charge of the household. Throughout the scene, Petruchio makes subtle suggestions that Kate has been transformed by their wedding from her fathers property to his. Furthermore, as Petruchio becomes enraged by the servants, he directly prevents Katherine from relieving her fundamental need of food and sleep. In response to her taming, Kate attributes the following accolades to her husband at the end of Act V: Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, Thy head, thy sovereign; one that cares for thee And for thy maintenance; commits his body To painful labor both by sea and land, To watch the night in storms, the day in cold, Whilst thou list warm at home, secure and safe; And craves no other tribute at thy hands  But love, fair looks, and true obedience Too little payment for so great a debt. (Shakespeare, 160) Interpreted by the second view, this speech may be considered an elegy for the vivacious, feisty Katherina that has been replaced by the subservient Kate. She has eschewed every facet of her personality which had been valued so greatly to this point in the play. In a sense, Katherina is representative of the cycle which many aristocratic women faced in the Renaissance: they were educated to be proficient members of society only to be silenced at the hand of a husband they often did not desire. If the speech is not a tongue-in-cheek betrayal, then Katherina has truly been broken by Petruchios incessant cruelty and she represents a victim of the repressive treatment many fifteenth century women endured. Perhaps no examination of Shakespeares treatment of educated women could be complete without deciphering Portias enigmatic mix of beauty and intellect. She is seemingly a series of contradictions: a free sprit abiding by strict rules, feminine but strong and happy to be rid of many of her suitors yet saddened by her inability to control her marital prospects. Portia is a woman of remarkable wealth and patrician social status yet her values are those of every woman. She is clearly the plays protagonist; her humility and capacity to make the situations work in her favor counter Shylocks malignant conduct. The epitome of Portias contribution to the plot can be found in Shakespeares oft discussed court scene. Disguised as Balthasar, she effectively imitates as a man who has been educated through law school. This is the strongest suggestion that Shakespeare intended Portia to be not only learned but also wise; her trial scenes reveal a keen sense of  manipulation which allows Portia to address both parties without apparent bias, though to the reader she hardly seems impartial. In her famous speech, Portia equates the virtue of mercy with the divine and beseeches Shylocks compassion for Antonio: PORTIA. The quality of mercy is not strained; It droppeth as the gentle rain falls from heaven Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest; It blesseth him that gave and him that takes. Tis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomes The throned monarch better than his crown. His scepter shows the force of temporal power,  Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; But mercy is above this sceptered sway. (Merchant, 78) Portia is indeed a woman of great articulacy who adapts fluidly to her role as a mediating lawyer. She has used her grace and candor to make a stellar case for Antonios life; this could not have been accomplished without her previous schooling. Balthasar turns the case around entirely: by trials end, Shylock is begging for mercy from Antonio. Portia has indeed floored the courtroom with her arguments and saved the life of her husbands comrade. The protagonist has effectively used her wits and ingenuity to deliver justice into the hands of an innocent man and antagonized Shylocks gluttonous ploy. In the context of womens education, Portia exemplifies that with knowledge, women may be as effective as men. Because she is posing in a traditionally male position, it is significant that Portia prevails in the case and delegates a fair result even for the disagreeable Shylock. Though she is clearly capable of being as effective as any male lawyer, Portia is forbidden to do so unless she poses as a man. Shakespeare is thus providing a strong critique of the limitations of gender roles and satirizing male superiority, a concept quite radical for his time. In a historical context, we are aware of some parallels between these characteristics and the second wife of the Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxfords second wife, Elizabeth Trentham. Though little is known about her background or life with de Vere, from his will and letters certain principles are clear. Elizabeth Trentham did participate in managing of the Earls finances and her letters suggest that she was eloquent and probably of distinguished academic background for a woman of her time. Since it has been said that de Veres married her for love rather than social gain, we may infer that his true preference leaned toward women of capable intellect and practical abilities. Portia certainly exhibits these traits; her ability to speak in court and prevailing love for Bessanio suggest that she is a woman of resolve and strength. The court scenes in The Merchant of Venice are so potent that they have been the subject of noteworthy scholarly debate. In particular, Portias capable trial speeches bear similarities in tone to the pleas Mary Queen of Scots made for her own life in 1587. Significantly, Edward de Vere was a judge at this trial and though clearly his sympathies lay with Elizabeth I, de Vere may have been struck by Marys unaided defense which was palpably an attempt to appeal to the sympathies of her judges. She is said to have broken down in court and unabashedly pleaded with the judges for her life. Though her life was not spared, it has been said that she was effective in arousing pity in the court: Mary defended herself with consummate ability before a tribunal almost entirely prejudiced against her. She was deprived of legal aid, without her papers and in ill health†¦she reached a point of touching eloquence which might have moved the hearts, though it did not convince the intellects, of her august judges. (Looney, 303) Perhaps, the very notion of a woman mounting her own defense at a trial was an idea which struck the Earl of Oxford as worthy of further expansion and like Mary Queen of Scots; he constructed the character of Portia to underscore the significance of mercy as a divine attribute bringing both the giver and receiver closer to God. The women of Shakespeares plays were harbingers of the present; they represented triumph of ability and intellect over rigid gender roles. In Shakespeares time, intelligent women were often viewed as a threat to male superiority; however, it seems their attributes often made them capable of dominating their relationships with men and their cogency proved equal. This idea is further established by the notion that Portia and Katherina may have been based on women from the authors life. Though studying the works of Shakespeare, it becomes clear that women.